Adjust formatting on last change. Simplify GridSampler
[zxing.git] / core / src / com / google / zxing / datamatrix / detector / Detector.java
1 /*
2  * Copyright 2008 ZXing authors
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16
17 package com.google.zxing.datamatrix.detector;
18
19 import com.google.zxing.NotFoundException;
20 import com.google.zxing.ResultPoint;
21 import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
22 import com.google.zxing.common.Collections;
23 import com.google.zxing.common.Comparator;
24 import com.google.zxing.common.DetectorResult;
25 import com.google.zxing.common.GridSampler;
26 import com.google.zxing.common.detector.WhiteRectangleDetector;
27
28 import java.util.Enumeration;
29 import java.util.Hashtable;
30 import java.util.Vector;
31
32 /**
33  * <p>Encapsulates logic that can detect a Data Matrix Code in an image, even if the Data Matrix Code
34  * is rotated or skewed, or partially obscured.</p>
35  *
36  * @author Sean Owen
37  */
38 public final class Detector {
39
40   // Trick to avoid creating new Integer objects below -- a sort of crude copy of
41   // the Integer.valueOf(int) optimization added in Java 5, not in J2ME
42   private static final Integer[] INTEGERS =
43       { new Integer(0), new Integer(1), new Integer(2), new Integer(3), new Integer(4) };
44   // No, can't use valueOf()
45
46   private final BitMatrix image;
47   private final WhiteRectangleDetector rectangleDetector;
48
49   public Detector(BitMatrix image) {
50     this.image = image;
51     rectangleDetector = new WhiteRectangleDetector(image);
52   }
53
54   /**
55    * <p>Detects a Data Matrix Code in an image.</p>
56    *
57    * @return {@link DetectorResult} encapsulating results of detecting a Data Matrix Code
58    * @throws NotFoundException if no Data Matrix Code can be found
59    */
60   public DetectorResult detect() throws NotFoundException {
61
62     ResultPoint[] cornerPoints = rectangleDetector.detect();
63     ResultPoint pointA = cornerPoints[0];
64     ResultPoint pointB = cornerPoints[1];
65     ResultPoint pointC = cornerPoints[2];
66     ResultPoint pointD = cornerPoints[3];
67
68     // Point A and D are across the diagonal from one another,
69     // as are B and C. Figure out which are the solid black lines
70     // by counting transitions
71     Vector transitions = new Vector(4);
72     transitions.addElement(transitionsBetween(pointA, pointB));
73     transitions.addElement(transitionsBetween(pointA, pointC));
74     transitions.addElement(transitionsBetween(pointB, pointD));
75     transitions.addElement(transitionsBetween(pointC, pointD));
76     Collections.insertionSort(transitions, new ResultPointsAndTransitionsComparator());
77
78     // Sort by number of transitions. First two will be the two solid sides; last two
79     // will be the two alternating black/white sides
80     ResultPointsAndTransitions lSideOne = (ResultPointsAndTransitions) transitions.elementAt(0);
81     ResultPointsAndTransitions lSideTwo = (ResultPointsAndTransitions) transitions.elementAt(1);
82
83     // Figure out which point is their intersection by tallying up the number of times we see the
84     // endpoints in the four endpoints. One will show up twice.
85     Hashtable pointCount = new Hashtable();
86     increment(pointCount, lSideOne.getFrom());
87     increment(pointCount, lSideOne.getTo());
88     increment(pointCount, lSideTwo.getFrom());
89     increment(pointCount, lSideTwo.getTo());
90
91     ResultPoint maybeTopLeft = null;
92     ResultPoint bottomLeft = null;
93     ResultPoint maybeBottomRight = null;
94     Enumeration points = pointCount.keys();
95     while (points.hasMoreElements()) {
96       ResultPoint point = (ResultPoint) points.nextElement();
97       Integer value = (Integer) pointCount.get(point);
98       if (value.intValue() == 2) {
99         bottomLeft = point; // this is definitely the bottom left, then -- end of two L sides
100       } else {
101         // Otherwise it's either top left or bottom right -- just assign the two arbitrarily now
102         if (maybeTopLeft == null) {
103           maybeTopLeft = point;
104         } else {
105           maybeBottomRight = point;
106         }
107       }
108     }
109
110     if (maybeTopLeft == null || bottomLeft == null || maybeBottomRight == null) {
111       throw NotFoundException.getNotFoundInstance();
112     }
113
114     // Bottom left is correct but top left and bottom right might be switched
115     ResultPoint[] corners = { maybeTopLeft, bottomLeft, maybeBottomRight };
116     // Use the dot product trick to sort them out
117     ResultPoint.orderBestPatterns(corners);
118
119     // Now we know which is which:
120     ResultPoint bottomRight = corners[0];
121     bottomLeft = corners[1];
122     ResultPoint topLeft = corners[2];
123
124     // Which point didn't we find in relation to the "L" sides? that's the top right corner
125     ResultPoint topRight;
126     if (!pointCount.containsKey(pointA)) {
127       topRight = pointA;
128     } else if (!pointCount.containsKey(pointB)) {
129       topRight = pointB;
130     } else if (!pointCount.containsKey(pointC)) {
131       topRight = pointC;
132     } else {
133       topRight = pointD;
134     }
135
136     // Next determine the dimension by tracing along the top or right side and counting black/white
137     // transitions. Since we start inside a black module, we should see a number of transitions
138     // equal to 1 less than the code dimension. Well, actually 2 less, because we are going to
139     // end on a black module:
140
141     // The top right point is actually the corner of a module, which is one of the two black modules
142     // adjacent to the white module at the top right. Tracing to that corner from either the top left
143     // or bottom right should work here.
144     
145     
146     int dimensionTop = transitionsBetween(topLeft, topRight).getTransitions();
147     int dimensionRight = transitionsBetween(bottomRight, topRight).getTransitions();
148     
149     if ((dimensionTop & 0x01) == 1) {
150       // it can't be odd, so, round... up?
151       dimensionTop++;
152     }
153     dimensionTop += 2;
154     
155     if ((dimensionRight & 0x01) == 1) {
156         // it can't be odd, so, round... up?
157         dimensionRight++;
158       }
159       dimensionRight += 2;
160
161     BitMatrix bits = null;
162     ResultPoint correctedTopRight = null;
163       
164     if (dimensionTop >= dimensionRight * 2 || dimensionRight >= dimensionTop * 2){
165         //The matrix is rectangular
166         
167         correctedTopRight = correctTopRightRectangular(bottomLeft, bottomRight, topLeft, topRight, dimensionTop, dimensionRight);
168         if (correctedTopRight == null){
169                 correctedTopRight = topRight;
170         }
171         
172         dimensionTop = transitionsBetween(topLeft, correctedTopRight).getTransitions();
173         dimensionRight = transitionsBetween(bottomRight, correctedTopRight).getTransitions();
174         
175         if ((dimensionTop & 0x01) == 1) {
176           // it can't be odd, so, round... up?
177           dimensionTop++;
178         }
179         
180         if ((dimensionRight & 0x01) == 1) {
181             // it can't be odd, so, round... up?
182             dimensionRight++;
183           }
184         
185           bits = sampleGrid(image, topLeft, bottomLeft, bottomRight, correctedTopRight, dimensionTop, dimensionRight);
186           
187     } else {
188         //The matrix is square
189         
190         int dimension = Math.min(dimensionRight, dimensionTop);
191         //correct top right point to match the white module
192         correctedTopRight = correctTopRight(bottomLeft, bottomRight, topLeft, topRight, dimension);
193         if (correctedTopRight == null){
194                 correctedTopRight = topRight;
195         }
196
197         //We redetermine the dimension using the corrected top right point
198         int dimensionCorrected = Math.max(transitionsBetween(topLeft, correctedTopRight).getTransitions(),
199                                   transitionsBetween(bottomRight, correctedTopRight).getTransitions());
200         dimensionCorrected++;
201         if ((dimensionCorrected & 0x01) == 1) {
202           dimensionCorrected++;
203         }
204
205         bits = sampleGrid(image, topLeft, bottomLeft, bottomRight, correctedTopRight, dimensionCorrected, dimensionCorrected);
206     }
207
208
209     return new DetectorResult(bits, new ResultPoint[]{topLeft, bottomLeft, bottomRight, correctedTopRight});
210   }
211
212   /**
213    * Calculates the position of the white top right module using the output of the rectangle detector for a rectangular matrix
214    */
215   private ResultPoint correctTopRightRectangular(ResultPoint bottomLeft,
216                 ResultPoint bottomRight, ResultPoint topLeft, ResultPoint topRight,
217                 int dimensionTop, int dimensionRight) {
218           
219                 float corr = distance(bottomLeft, bottomRight) / (float)dimensionTop;
220                 int norm = distance(topLeft, topRight);
221                 float cos = (topRight.getX() - topLeft.getX()) / norm;
222                 float sin = (topRight.getY() - topLeft.getY()) / norm;
223                 
224                 ResultPoint c1 = new ResultPoint(topRight.getX()+corr*cos, topRight.getY()+corr*sin);
225         
226                 corr = distance(bottomLeft, topLeft) / (float)dimensionRight;
227                 norm = distance(bottomRight, topRight);
228                 cos = (topRight.getX() - bottomRight.getX()) / norm;
229                 sin = (topRight.getY() - bottomRight.getY()) / norm;
230                 
231                 ResultPoint c2 = new ResultPoint(topRight.getX()+corr*cos, topRight.getY()+corr*sin);
232
233                 if (!isValid(c1)){
234                         if (isValid(c2)){
235                                 return c2;
236                         }
237                         return null;
238                 } else if (!isValid(c2)){
239                         return c1;
240                 }
241                 
242                 int l1 = Math.abs(dimensionTop - transitionsBetween(topLeft, c1).getTransitions()) + 
243                                         Math.abs(dimensionRight - transitionsBetween(bottomRight, c1).getTransitions());
244                 int l2 = Math.abs(dimensionTop - transitionsBetween(topLeft, c2).getTransitions()) + 
245                 Math.abs(dimensionRight - transitionsBetween(bottomRight, c2).getTransitions());
246                 
247                 if (l1 <= l2){
248                         return c1;
249                 }
250                 
251                 return c2;
252 }
253
254 /**
255    * Calculates the position of the white top right module using the output of the rectangle detector for a square matrix
256    */
257   private ResultPoint correctTopRight(ResultPoint bottomLeft,
258                                       ResultPoint bottomRight,
259                                       ResultPoint topLeft,
260                                       ResultPoint topRight,
261                                       int dimension) {
262                 
263                 float corr = distance(bottomLeft, bottomRight) / (float) dimension;
264                 int norm = distance(topLeft, topRight);
265                 float cos = (topRight.getX() - topLeft.getX()) / norm;
266                 float sin = (topRight.getY() - topLeft.getY()) / norm;
267                 
268                 ResultPoint c1 = new ResultPoint(topRight.getX() + corr * cos, topRight.getY() + corr * sin);
269         
270                 corr = distance(bottomLeft, bottomRight) / (float) dimension;
271                 norm = distance(bottomRight, topRight);
272                 cos = (topRight.getX() - bottomRight.getX()) / norm;
273                 sin = (topRight.getY() - bottomRight.getY()) / norm;
274                 
275                 ResultPoint c2 = new ResultPoint(topRight.getX() + corr * cos, topRight.getY() + corr * sin);
276
277                 if (!isValid(c1)) {
278                         if (isValid(c2)) {
279                                 return c2;
280                         }
281                         return null;
282                 } else if (!isValid(c2)) {
283                         return c1;
284                 }
285                 
286                 int l1 = Math.abs(transitionsBetween(topLeft, c1).getTransitions() -
287                       transitionsBetween(bottomRight, c1).getTransitions());
288                 int l2 = Math.abs(transitionsBetween(topLeft, c2).getTransitions() -
289                       transitionsBetween(bottomRight, c2).getTransitions());
290
291     return l1 <= l2 ? c1 : c2;
292   }
293
294   private boolean isValid(ResultPoint p) {
295           return (p.getX() >= 0 && p.getX() < image.width && p.getY() > 0 && p.getY() < image.height);
296   }
297
298   /**
299    * Ends up being a bit faster than Math.round(). This merely rounds its
300    * argument to the nearest int, where x.5 rounds up.
301    */
302   private static int round(float d) {
303     return (int) (d + 0.5f);
304   }
305
306 // L2 distance
307   private static int distance(ResultPoint a, ResultPoint b) {
308     return round((float) Math.sqrt((a.getX() - b.getX())
309         * (a.getX() - b.getX()) + (a.getY() - b.getY())
310         * (a.getY() - b.getY())));
311   }
312
313   /**
314    * Increments the Integer associated with a key by one.
315    */
316   private static void increment(Hashtable table, ResultPoint key) {
317     Integer value = (Integer) table.get(key);
318     table.put(key, value == null ? INTEGERS[1] : INTEGERS[value.intValue() + 1]);
319   }
320
321   private static BitMatrix sampleGrid(BitMatrix image,
322                                       ResultPoint topLeft,
323                                       ResultPoint bottomLeft,
324                                       ResultPoint bottomRight,
325                                       ResultPoint topRight,
326                                       int dimensionX,
327                                       int dimensionY) throws NotFoundException {
328
329     GridSampler sampler = GridSampler.getInstance();
330
331     return sampler.sampleGrid(image,
332                               dimensionX,
333                               dimensionY,
334                               0.5f,
335                               0.5f,
336                               dimensionX - 0.5f,
337                               0.5f,
338                               dimensionX - 0.5f,
339                               dimensionY - 0.5f,
340                               0.5f,
341                               dimensionY - 0.5f,
342                               topLeft.getX(),
343                               topLeft.getY(),
344                               topRight.getX(),
345                               topRight.getY(),
346                               bottomRight.getX(),
347                               bottomRight.getY(),
348                               bottomLeft.getX(),
349                               bottomLeft.getY());
350   }
351
352   /**
353    * Counts the number of black/white transitions between two points, using something like Bresenham's algorithm.
354    */
355   private ResultPointsAndTransitions transitionsBetween(ResultPoint from, ResultPoint to) {
356     // See QR Code Detector, sizeOfBlackWhiteBlackRun()
357     int fromX = (int) from.getX();
358     int fromY = (int) from.getY();
359     int toX = (int) to.getX();
360     int toY = (int) to.getY();
361     boolean steep = Math.abs(toY - fromY) > Math.abs(toX - fromX);
362     if (steep) {
363       int temp = fromX;
364       fromX = fromY;
365       fromY = temp;
366       temp = toX;
367       toX = toY;
368       toY = temp;
369     }
370
371     int dx = Math.abs(toX - fromX);
372     int dy = Math.abs(toY - fromY);
373     int error = -dx >> 1;
374     int ystep = fromY < toY ? 1 : -1;
375     int xstep = fromX < toX ? 1 : -1;
376     int transitions = 0;
377     boolean inBlack = image.get(steep ? fromY : fromX, steep ? fromX : fromY);
378     for (int x = fromX, y = fromY; x != toX; x += xstep) {
379       boolean isBlack = image.get(steep ? y : x, steep ? x : y);
380       if (isBlack != inBlack) {
381         transitions++;
382         inBlack = isBlack;
383       }
384       error += dy;
385       if (error > 0) {
386         if (y == toY) {
387           break;
388         }
389         y += ystep;
390         error -= dx;
391       }
392     }
393     return new ResultPointsAndTransitions(from, to, transitions);
394   }
395
396   /**
397    * Simply encapsulates two points and a number of transitions between them.
398    */
399   private static class ResultPointsAndTransitions {
400     private final ResultPoint from;
401     private final ResultPoint to;
402     private final int transitions;
403     private ResultPointsAndTransitions(ResultPoint from, ResultPoint to, int transitions) {
404       this.from = from;
405       this.to = to;
406       this.transitions = transitions;
407     }
408     public ResultPoint getFrom() {
409       return from;
410     }
411     public ResultPoint getTo() {
412       return to;
413     }
414     public int getTransitions() {
415       return transitions;
416     }
417     public String toString() {
418       return from + "/" + to + '/' + transitions;
419     }
420   }
421
422   /**
423    * Orders ResultPointsAndTransitions by number of transitions, ascending.
424    */
425   private static class ResultPointsAndTransitionsComparator implements Comparator {
426     public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
427       return ((ResultPointsAndTransitions) o1).getTransitions() - ((ResultPointsAndTransitions) o2).getTransitions();
428     }
429   }
430
431 }