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14 TI- How to learn the natural numbers: Inductive inference and the acquisition of number concepts.
17 AF- Margolis, Eric, eamargolis@wisc.edu, Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, US
18 AF- Laurence, Stephen, Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, US
19 AD- Margolis, Eric, Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, US, 53706, eamargolis@wisc.edu
27 PU- Netherlands: Elsevier Science
32 KP- acquisition number concept acquisition
35 AB- Theories of number concepts often suppose that the natural numbers are acquired as children learn to count and as they draw an induction based on their interpretation of the first few count words. In a bold critique of this general approach, Rips, Asmuth, Bloomfield [Rips, L., Asmuth, J. & Bloomfield, A. (2006). Giving the boot to the bootstrap: How not to learn the natural numbers. Cognition, 101, B51-B60.] argue that such an inductive inference is consistent with a representational system that clearly does not express the natural numbers and that possession of the natural numbers requires further principles that make the inductive inference superfluous. We argue that their critique is unsuccessful. Provided that children have access to a suitable initial system of representation, the sort of inductive inference that Rips et al. call into question can in fact facilitate the acquisition of larger integer concepts without the addition of any further principles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
36 MJ- Cognition; Concept Formation; Inference; Numbers (Numerals)
37 CL- Cognitive Processes (2340)
40 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
47 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2008-00053-016&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
49 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
54 TI- Postscript: Deviations from the predictions of serial search.
56 AU- Brown, Gordon D. A.
57 AF- Adelman, James S., University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
58 AF- Brown, Gordon D. A., University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
59 SO- Psychological Review
66 PU- US: American Psychological Association
67 P2- New York, NY,US: Macmillan & Company
68 P2- Princeton, NJ,US: Psychological Review Company
69 P2- Lancaster, PA,US: The Macmillan Company
70 P2- Lancaster, PA,US: The Review Publishing Company
71 SN- 0033-295X, Print; 1939-1471, Electronic;
72 DO- 10.1037/0033-295X.115.1.228
76 KP- contextual diversity
78 KP- mathematical modeling
81 KP- rank, eye movements
82 AB- W. S. Murray and K. I. Forster (see record 2004-15929-006) claimed that rank frequency provided a better account of lexical decision times than either log frequency or power law frequency, the latter being dismissed on the grounds of overflexibility. We (J. S. Adelman & G. D. A. Brown, see record 2008-00265-012) argued that (a) Murray and Forster's (2004) use of the relatively small Kucera and Francis (1967) word frequency counts biased the estimates of rank; (b) the superiority in fit of the power law (and of some other functions) could not all be attributed to overflexibility in the manner Murray and Forster (2004) claimed; and (c) bootstrapping analyses designed to take flexibility into account gave evidence of systematic deviations from several theoretically motivated functional forms, including rank and power, but not from some generalizations of the power function. We concluded that the data could not be taken as support for serial search models. Murray and Forster (2008; see record 2008-00265-015) have suggested that our results do not contradict the rank hypothesis (and in fact support it). The systematic and task-independent discrepancy between model predictions and data suggests to us--in the absence of an extended model demonstrated to rectify the discrepancy--that the case for serial search has yet to be adequately made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
83 MJ- Lexical Access; Lexical Decision; Mathematical Modeling; Word Frequency
84 CL- Cognitive Processes (2340)
86 GR- This work was supported by Grant RES 062-23-0545 from the Economic and Social Research Council (UK)
88 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
95 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2008-00265-023&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 TI- Emotional processing in experiential therapy: Why 'the only way out is through.'
103 AU- Pascual-Leone, Antonio
104 AU- Greenberg, Leslie S.
105 AF- Pascual-Leone, Antonio, apl@uwindsor.ca, Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
106 AF- Greenberg, Leslie S., Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
107 AD- Pascual-Leone, Antonio, Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON, Canada, N9B 3P4, apl@uwindsor.ca
108 SO- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
109 S2- Journal of Consulting Psychology
116 PU- US: American Psychological Association
117 P2- Colorado Springs, CO,US: American Association for Applied Psychology
118 P2- Colorado Springs, CO,US: Dentan Printing Company
119 P2- Lancaster, PA,US: Science Press Printing Company
120 SN- 0022-006X, Print; 1939-2117, Electronic;
121 DO- 10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.875
123 KP- emotional processing
124 KP- emotion-focused therapy
127 KP- change mechanisms
128 KP- experiential therapy
129 AB- The purpose of this study was to examine observable moment-by-moment steps in emotional processing as they occurred within productive sessions of experiential therapy. Global distress was identified as an unprocessed emotion with high arousal and low meaningfulness. The investigation consisted of 2 studies as part of a task analysis that examined clients processing distress in live video-recorded therapy sessions. Clients in both studies were adults in experiential therapy for depression and ongoing interpersonal problems. Study 1 was the discovery-oriented phase of task analysis, which intensively examined 6 examples of global distress. The qualitative findings produced a model showing: global distress, fear, shame, and aggressive anger as undifferentiated and insufficiently processed emotions; the articulation of needs and negative self-evaluations as a pivotal step in change; and assertive anger, self-soothing, hurt, and grief as states of advanced processing. Study 2 tested the model using a sample of 34 clients in global distress. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that the model of emotional processing predicted positive in-session effects, and bootstrapping analyses were used to demonstrate that distinct emotions emerged moment by moment in predicted sequential patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
130 MJ- Emotion Focused Therapy; Emotional Regulation; Experiential Psychotherapy; Treatment Outcomes
131 MN- Distress; Stages of Change
132 CL- Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling (3310)
136 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
137 AG- Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320)
138 AG- Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340)
139 AG- Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360)
140 TM- Classification of Affective-Meaning States
141 TM- Client Experiencing Scale
143 MD- Quantitative Study
145 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
148 MA- Electronic; Print
152 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-19013-005&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
154 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
159 TI- Bipolar pharmacotherapy and suicidal behavior. Part I: Lithium, divalproex and carbamazepine.
160 AU- Yerevanian, Boghos I.
163 AF- Yerevanian, Boghos I., byerevan@ucla.edu, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US
164 AF- Koek, Ralph J., Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US
165 AF- Mintz, Jim, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US
166 AD- Yerevanian, Boghos I., 16111 Plummer Street (116A-11), North Hills, CA, US, 91343, byerevan@ucla.edu
167 SO- Journal of Affective Disorders
174 PU- Netherlands: Elsevier Science
175 SN- 0165-0327, Print;
176 DO- 10.1016/j.jad.2007.05.019
178 KP- bipolar pharmacotherapy
179 KP- suicidal behavior
184 AB- Introduction: The anti-suicidal benefit of lithium on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder is well-established. Data are mixed on the effects of divalproex and carbamazepine. Methods: Retrospective chart review study of 405 veterans with bipolar disorder followed for a mean of 3 years, with month by month review of clinical progress notes, and systematic assessment of current pharmacotherapy and suicide completion, attempt or hospitalization for suicidality. Comparison of suicide event rates (events/100 patient years) between mood stabilizers and during-vs-after discontinuation of mood stabilizers, with linear regression analysis for influence of potential confounding variables, and robust bootstrap confirmation analysis. Results: No completed suicides occurred during or after discontinuation of monotherapy. Rates of non-lethal suicidal behavior were similar during lithium (2.49), divalproex (4.67) and carbamazepine (3.80) monotherapies. There was a sixteen fold greater, highly statistically significant non-lethal suicidal event rate after discontinuation compared with during mood stabilizer monotherapy (55.89 vs. 3.48 events/100 patient years; Chi²=13.95; df=1; p<0.0002). On compared with off treatment differences were similar for the three different agents. Limitations: Treatments were uncontrolled in this naturalistic setting, and data were analyzed retrospectively. Conclusions: Lithium and the anticonvulsants may show similar benefits in protecting bipolar patients from non-lethal suicidal behavior when careful analysis of clinical data is done to confirm medication adherence/non-adherence. Findings in this study were similar to those of a previous study that applied the same methodology in a private practice setting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
185 MJ- Attempted Suicide; Bipolar Disorder; Drug Therapy; Drugs; Suicide
186 MN- Carbamazepine; Lithium; Public Health
187 CL- Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200)
188 CL- Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340)
193 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
194 AG- Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360)
195 GR- The study was partially funded by Abbott Laboratories
197 MD- Longitudinal Study
198 MD- Retrospective Study
199 MD- Quantitative Study
201 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
204 MA- Electronic; Print
208 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-14984-002&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
210 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
215 TI- Abnormal reliance on object structure in apraxics' learning on novel object-related actions.
216 AU- Barde, Laura H. F.
217 AU- Buxbaum, Laurel J.
218 AU- Moll, Adrienne D.
219 AF- Barde, Laura H. F., bardel@einstein.edu, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, US
220 AF- Buxbaum, Laurel J., Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, US
221 AF- Moll, Adrienne D., Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, US
222 AD- Barde, Laura H. F., Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Korman Suite 213, 1200 West Tabor Road, Philadelphia, PA, US, 19141, bardel@einstein.edu
223 SO- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
230 PU- US: Cambridge Univ Press
231 SN- 1355-6177, Print; 1469-7661, Electronic;
233 KP- abnormal reliance
235 KP- apraxics learning
236 KP- novel object related actions
237 KP- ideomotor apraxia
238 AB- We assessed the prediction that object structural cues could benefit the learning of object-action relationships in ideomotor apraxia (IMA). A total of 15 patients with left-hemisphere stroke, 11 of whom exhibited IMA, and 10 healthy subjects were trained to match novel gestures to novel tool pictures that were either High- or Low-Afforded by their associated tools. Learning was assessed with recognition and production tests. Only IMA patients demonstrated better recognition of High- than Low-Afforded gestures, and their recognition of High-Afforded gestures was statistically comparable to the other groups. This finding suggests that apraxics may rely abnormally on object structure when learning to associate novel gestures and tools. Finally, the "affordance benefit" was associated with relative sparing of structures in the dorsal visual processing stream. These data are consistent with the proposal that two routes may mediate skilled action, one specialized for stored information, and the other responsive to object structure, and that deficient gesture learning may be compensated by "bootstrapping" intact dorsal stream coding of action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
239 MJ- Apraxia; Learning; Object Recognition
240 CL- Neurological Disorders & Brain Damage (3297)
242 GR- This work was supported by a University of Utah Funding Incentive Seed Grant awarded to the first author
244 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
247 MA- Electronic; Print
251 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-17471-010&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
253 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
258 TI- Visual contribution to the multistable perception of speech.
261 AU- Schwartz, Jean-Luc
262 AF- Sato, Marc, UMR 5216 CNRS, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite Stendhal, Grenoble, France
263 AF- Basirat, Anahita, UMR 5216 CNRS, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite Stendhal, Grenoble, France
264 AF- Schwartz, Jean-Luc, schwartz@gipsa-lab.inpg.fr, UMR 5216 CNRS, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite Stendhal, Grenoble, France
265 AD- Schwartz, Jean-Luc, GIPSA-Lab, Departement Parole et Cognition, UMR 5216 CNRS, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Universite Stendahl, 46, Avenue Felix Viallet, 38031, Grenoble, France, Cedex 01, schwartz@gipsa-lab.inpg.fr
266 SO- Perception & Psychophysics
273 PU- US: Psychonomic Society
274 SN- 0031-5117, Print; 1532-5962, Electronic;
276 KP- visual contribution
277 KP- multistable perception
278 KP- speech perception
279 KP- verbal transformation effect
280 AB- The multistable perception of speech, or verbal transformation effect, refers to perceptual changes experienced while listening to a speech form that is repeated rapidly and continuously. In order to test whether visual information from the speaker's articulatory gestures may modify the emergence and stability of verbal auditory percepts, subjects were instructed to report any perceptual changes during unimodal, audiovisual, and incongruent audiovisual presentations of distinct repeated syllables. In a first experiment, the perceptual stability of reported auditory percepts was significantly modulated by the modality of presentation. In a second experiment, when audiovisual stimuli consisting of a stable audio track dubbed with a video track that alternated between congruent and incongruent stimuli were presented, a strong correlation between the timing of perceptual transitions and the timing of video switches was found. Finally, a third experiment showed that the vocal tract opening onset event provided by the visual input could play the role of a bootstrap mechanism in the search for transformations. Altogether, these results demonstrate the capacity of visual information to control the multistable perception of speech in its phonetic content and temporal course. The verbal transformation effect thus provides a useful experimental paradigm to explore audiovisual interactions in speech perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
281 MJ- Oral Communication; Phonetics; Speech Perception; Visual Perception
282 CL- Sensory Perception (2320)
283 CL- Linguistics & Language & Speech (2720)
287 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
288 AG- Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320)
289 GR- This work was supported by CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) and MIUR (Ministero Italiano dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca)
291 MD- Quantitative Study
293 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
296 MA- Electronic; Print
300 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-18138-009&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
302 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
307 TI- Association of synapsin 2 with schizophrenia in families of Northern European ancestry.
308 AU- Saviouk, Viatcheslav
309 AU- Moreau, Michael P.
310 AU- Tereshchenko, Irina V.
311 AU- Brzustowicz, Linda M.
312 AF- Saviouk, Viatcheslav, saviouk@biology.rutgers.edu, Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US
313 AF- Moreau, Michael P., Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US
314 AF- Tereshchenko, Irina V., Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US
315 AF- Brzustowicz, Linda M., Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, US
316 AD- Saviouk, Viatcheslav, Rutgers University, Department of Genetics, 145 Bevier Road, Room 226, Piscataway, NJ, US, 08854-8000, saviouk@biology.rutgers.edu
317 SO- Schizophrenia Research
324 PU- Netherlands: Elsevier Science
325 SN- 0920-9964, Print;
326 DO- 10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.031
331 KP- Northern European ancestry
335 AB- The synapsin 2 (Syn2) gene (3p25) is implicated in synaptogenesis, neurotransmitter release, and the localization of nitric oxide synthase to the proximity of its targets. In this study we investigated linkage and association between the Syn2 locus and schizophrenia. 37 pedigrees of Northern European ancestry from the NIMH Human Genetics Initiative collection were used. Four microsatellites and twenty SNPs were genotyped. Linkage (FASTLINK) and association (TRANSMIT, PDTPHASE) between markers and schizophrenia were evaluated. A maximum heterogeneity LOD of 1.93 was observed at marker D3S3434 with a recessive mode of inheritance. Significant results were obtained for association with schizophrenia using TRANSMIT (minimum nominal p=0.0000005) and PDTPHASE (minimum nominal p=0.014) using single marker analyses. Haplotype analysis using markers in introns 5 and 6 of Syn2 provided a single haplotype that is significantly associated with schizophrenia using TRANSMIT (nominal pb0.00000001) and PDTPHASE (nominal p=0.02). Simulation studies confirm the global significance of these results, but demonstrate that the small p-values generated by the bootstrap routine of TRANSMIT can be consistently anticonservative. Review of the literature suggests that Syn2 is likely to be involved in the etiology or pathogenesis of schizophrenia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
336 MJ- Etiology; Genes; Genetics; Schizophrenia
337 CL- Schizophrenia & Psychotic States (3213)
343 GR- This work was supported by grant R01 MH62440 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to LMB
345 MD- Quantitative Study
346 SL- Other [Internet Available]
348 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
351 MA- Electronic; Print
355 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-15151-011&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
362 TI- Ego identity, social anxiety, social support, and self-concealment in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.
363 AU- Potoczniak, Daniel J.
365 AU- DeBlaere, Cirleen
366 AF- Potoczniak, Daniel J., Department of Psychology, University of Florida, FL, US
367 AF- Aldea, Mirela A., Department of Psychology, University of Florida, FL, US
368 AF- DeBlaere, Cirleen, Department of Psychology, University of Florida, FL, US
369 AD- Potoczniak, Daniel J., Counseling and Psychological Services, University of Pennsylvania, 133 S. 36th Street, 2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, US, 19104
370 SO- Journal of Counseling Psychology
377 PU- US: American Psychological Association
378 P2- Dubuque, IA,US: Wm. C. Brown Co.
379 SN- 0022-0167, Print; 1939-2168, Electronic;
380 DO- 10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.447
382 KP- sexual orientation
387 AB- This study examined a model in which the relationship between social anxiety and two dimensions of ego identity (commitment and exploration) was expected to be mediated by social support and self-concealment for a sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals (N=347). Statistically significant paths were found from social anxiety to social support and self-concealment. Statistically significant paths were also found from social support to commitment, exploration, and self-concealment. There were no significant paths from social anxiety to commitment or exploration. Structural equation analyses and bootstrap procedures revealed support for the potential mediational role of social support in the association between social anxiety and the two dimensions of ego identity as well as in the link between social anxiety and self-concealment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
388 MJ- Ego Identity; Sexual Orientation; Social Anxiety; Social Support
389 MN- Bisexuality; Identity Formation; Lesbianism; Male Homosexuality; Secrecy; Self Disclosure
390 CL- Personality Traits & Processes (3120)
391 CL- Sexual Behavior & Sexual Orientation (2980)
395 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
396 AG- Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320)
397 AG- Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340)
398 AG- Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360)
399 AG- Aged (65 yrs & older) (380)
400 TM- Ego Identity Process Questionnaire
401 TM- Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
402 TM- Self-Concealment Scale
403 TM- Self-Consciousness Scale-Revised: Social Anxiety subscale
405 MD- Quantitative Study
407 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
410 MA- Electronic; Print
415 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-13638-009&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
417 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
422 TI- The concavity effect is a compound of local and global effects.
423 AU- Vandekerckhove, Joachim
426 AF- Vandekerckhove, Joachim, joachim.vandekerckhove@psy.kuleuven.be, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
427 AF- Panis, Sven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
428 AF- Wagemans, Johan, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
429 AD- Vandekerckhove, Joachim, University of Leuven, Department of Psychology, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium, joachim.vandekerckhove@psy.kuleuven.be
430 SO- Perception & Psychophysics
437 PU- US: Psychonomic Society
438 SN- 0031-5117, Print; 1532-5962, Electronic;
442 KP- change detection paradigm
446 AB- Using a change detection paradigm, Barenholtz, Cohen, Feldman, and Singh (2003) found that changes in concave regions of a contour are more easily detected than changes in convex regions. In a series of three experiments, we investigated this concavity effect using the same paradigm. We observed the effect in wire-like stimuli as well as in silhouettes (Experiment 1) and in complex, smoothed images as opposed to angular polygons (Experiment 2). We also observed a systematic effect of the magnitude of the change (Experiment 1). Furthermore, we find that the effect cannot be attributed to either local or global processing effects, but rather to a combination of both "mere" concaveness and an effect due to changes in the perceived part structure of the stimulus object (Experiment 3). For our data analysis, we used a nonparametric bootstrap method, which greatly increases sensitivity (compared to more traditional analyses like ANOVA). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
447 MJ- Form and Shape Perception; Signal Detection (Perception); Stimulus Parameters
448 CL- Visual Perception (2323)
451 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
452 GR- This research was supported by a research grant from the University Research Council (OT/00/007) and from the Fund for Scientific Research Research (FWO-Vlaanderen G.0189.02) to J.W. The research also forms part of a larger research program funded by the University Research Council (GOA-TBA/2005/03)
454 MD- Quantitative Study
456 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
459 MA- Electronic; Print
463 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-17908-017&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
465 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
470 TI- Linear and nonlinear analysis of heart rate patterns associated with fetal behavioral states in the antepartum period.
471 AU- Gonçalves, Hernâni
474 AU- Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo
475 AF- Gonçalves, Hernâni, hernani.goncalves@fc.up.pt, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciencias, Departamento de Matematica Aplicada, Porto, Portugal
476 AF- Bernardes, João, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
477 AF- Rocha, Ana Paula, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciencias, Departamento de Matematica Aplicada, Porto, Portugal
478 AF- Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
479 AD- Gonçalves, Hernâni, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciencias, Departamento de Matematica Aplicada, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal, hernani.goncalves@fc.up.pt
480 SO- Early Human Development
487 PU- Netherlands: Elsevier Science
488 SN- 0378-3782, Print;
489 DO- 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.12.006
491 KP- heart rate patterns
492 KP- fetal behavioral states
493 KP- antepartum period
496 AB- Background: Fetal behavioral states are important indicators of fetal physiology and pathology associated to typical fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. Aim: To provide linear and nonlinear analysis of FHR patterns associated with fetal behavioral states regarding a better understanding of these states and patterns. Study design and subjects: Fifty FHR tracings from normal term pregnancies with a median duration of 40.3 min were acquired with the SisPorto® 2.01 system for computerized analysis of cardiotocograms. Each tracing was divided into consecutive 10-minute segments and each segment was classified by two experts as pattern A, B, C or D. Outcome measures: Linear and nonlinear indices were computed in each segment, namely mean FHR, long-term irregularity index (LTI), very low (VLF), low (LF) and high (HF) frequency spectral indices, approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn). Kappa statistic (κ) and proportions of agreement (Pa) were used for assessment of inter-observer agreement. Bootstrap percentile confidence intervals and nonparametric statistical tests were calculated for statistical inference. Results: Overall agreement between experts in pattern classification was good to excellent with values for κ and Pa of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.64-0.94) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.96), respectively. Most linear domain indices increased significantly with rising fetal activity whereas the opposite occurred with nonlinear indices, except for SampEn(2, 0.1). LF/(MF + HF) ratio also significantly increased with fetal activity, denoting an increased sympatho-vagal balance. Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis that entropy and linear variability indices measure different FHR features. FHR patterns associated with active sleep (B) and active wakefulness (D) evidenced more signs of autonomous nervous system activity, with sympatho-vagal imbalance, and less signs related to complexity or irregularity control systems than patterns associated with calm sleep (A) and calm wakefulness (C). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
497 MJ- Heart Rate; Pathology; Physiology; Prenatal Development
499 CL- Physiological Processes (2540)
500 CL- Developmental Psychology (2800)
502 GR- The authors acknowledge project POSI/CPS/40153/2001 funded by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal)
504 MD- Quantitative Study
506 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
509 MA- Electronic; Print
513 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-13846-002&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
515 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
520 TI- The cost of borderline personality disorder: Societal cost of illness in BPD-patients.
521 AU- van Asselt, A. D. I.
525 AF- van Asselt, A. D. I., avas@kemta.azm.nl, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
526 AF- Dirksen, C. D., Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
527 AF- Arntz, A., Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
528 AF- Severens, J. L., Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
529 AD- van Asselt, A. D. I., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, Netherlands, avas@kemta.azm.nl
530 SO- European Psychiatry
531 S2- Psychiatrie & Psychobiologie
538 PU- Netherlands: Elsevier Science
539 SN- 0924-9338, Print;
540 DO- 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.04.001
542 KP- borderline personality disorder
544 AB- Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent, chronic condition. Because of its very problematic nature BPD is expected to be associated with substantial societal costs, although this has never been comprehensively assessed. Objective: Estimate the societal cost of BPD in the Netherlands. Study Design: We used a prevalence-based bottom-up approach with a sample of 88 BPD patients who enrolled in a multicenter clinical trial comparing two kinds of outpatient psychotherapy. Costs were assessed by means of a structured interview, covering all healthcare costs, medication, informal care, productivity losses, and out-of-pocket expenses. Only BPD-related costs were included. All costs were expressed in Euros for the year 2000. A bootstrap procedure was performed to determine statistical uncertainty. Patients: All patients had been diagnosed with BPD using DSM-IV criteria. Mean age was 30.5years and 92% was female. Results: Based on a prevalence of 1.1% and an adult population of 11,990,942, we derived that there were 131,900 BPD patients in the Netherlands. Total bootstrapped yearly cost of illness was €2,222,763,789 (€1, 372, 412, 403-€3, 260, 248, 300), only 22% was healthcare-related. Costs per patient were €16,852. Conclusions: Although healthcare costs of non-institutionalized Borderline patients might not be disproportionate, total societal costs are substantial. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
545 MJ- Borderline Personality Disorder; Costs and Cost Analysis; Health Care Costs; Society
547 CL- Personality Disorders (3217)
552 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
553 AG- Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320)
554 AG- Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340)
555 AG- Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360)
556 TM- Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders
557 GR- The present study was supported by grant no. OG 97-002 from the fund for evaluative research in medicine of the Dutch Healthcare Insurance Board
559 MD- Quantitative Study
561 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
564 MA- Electronic; Print
568 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-14025-004&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
570 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
575 TI- The association between pathological gambling and attempted suicide: Findings from a national survey in Canada.
576 AU- Newman, Stephen C.
577 AU- Thompson, Angus H.
578 AF- Newman, Stephen C., stephen.newman@ualberta.ca, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
579 AF- Thompson, Angus H., Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
580 AD- Newman, Stephen C., Department of Psychiatry, Mackenzie Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2B7, stephen.newman@ualberta.ca
581 SO- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie
582 S2- The Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal / La Revue de l'Association des psychiatres du Canada
589 PU- Canada: Canadian Psychiatric Assn
590 SN- 0706-7437, Print; 1497-0015, Electronic;
592 KP- pathological gambling
593 KP- attempted suicide
595 KP- mental health care
596 KP- alcohol dependence
597 KP- sociodemographic variables
598 AB- Objective: To examine the association between pathological gambling (PG) and attempted suicide in a nationally representative sample of Canadians. Methods: Data came from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 1.2, conducted in 2002, in which 36,984 subjects, aged 15 years or older, were interviewed. Logistic regression was performed with attempted suicide (in the past year) as the dependent variable. The independent variables were PG, major depression, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and mental health care (in the past year), as well as a range of sociodemographic variables. Survey weights and bootstrap methods were used to account for the complex survey design. Results: In the final logistic regression model, which included terms for PG, major depression, alcohol dependence, and mental health care, as well as age, sex, education, and income, the odds ratio for PG and attempted suicide was 3.43 (95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 8.60). Conclusions: PG (in the past year) and attempted suicide (in the past year) are associated in a nationally representative sample of Canadians. However, it is not possible to say from these data whether this represents a causal relation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
599 MJ- Alcohol Abuse; Attempted Suicide; Drug Dependency; Major Depression; Pathological Gambling
600 MN- Demographic Characteristics; Mental Health Services
601 CL- Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior (3230)
606 AG- Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200)
607 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
608 AG- Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320)
609 AG- Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340)
610 AG- Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360)
611 AG- Aged (65 yrs & older) (380)
612 GR- This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
613 CF- Mental Health Research Showcase, Oct, 2006, Banff, AB, Canada
614 CN- Portions of this paper were previously presented at the aforementioned conference.
616 MD- Quantitative Study
618 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
621 MA- Electronic; Print
625 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-14432-009&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
627 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
632 TI- Epidemiology of youth gambling problems in Canada: A national prevalence study.
635 AF- Huang, Jiun-Hau, jiun-hau.huang@umontreal.ca, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada
636 AF- Boyer, Richard, Social Psychiatry Unit, Fernand-Seguin Research Centre, Louis-H Lafontaine Hospital, Montreal, PQ, US
637 AD- Huang, Jiun-Hau, Social Psychiatry Unit, Fernand-Seguin Research Centre, Louis-H Lafontaine Hospital, 7331 Rue Hochelaga, Unit 218, Montreal, PQ, Canada, H1N 3V2, jiun-hau.huang@umontreal.ca
638 SO- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie
639 S2- The Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal / La Revue de l'Association des psychiatres du Canada
646 PU- Canada: Canadian Psychiatric Assn
647 SN- 0706-7437, Print; 1497-0015, Electronic;
650 KP- youth gambling problems
652 KP- geographic region
654 AB- Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of gambling problems among youth aged 15 to 24 years in Canada and to examine whether these gambling prevalence patterns differ by sex and (or) by geographic region. Method: We used data from The Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being. Gambling problems were determined according to the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. All prevalence estimates used appropriate sampling weights and bootstrap variance estimation procedures developed by Statistics Canada. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was also employed to supplement the above prevalence comparisons by age, sex, and region. Results: Among Canadian youth aged 15 to 24 years (n = 5666), 61.35% gambled in the past 12 months and the national prevalence of moderate-risk or problem gambling was 2.22% (3.30% in male respondents and 1.10% in female respondents). Male respondents had significantly higher prevalence of gambling problems than female respondents. Regional prevalence estimates of youth moderate-risk or problem gambling were 1.37% in British Columbia, 2.17% in the Prairie provinces, 2.75% in Ontario, 2.12% in Quebec, and 1.71% in the Atlantic provinces. Conclusions: Youth, particularly young men, are at greater risk for gambling problems than adults. More prevention and research efforts are also needed to address the observed sex differences and interregional variability in the prevalence of gambling problems among youth. The national prevalence estimates from this study provide important baseline data against which future cohorts of Canadians can be monitored and measured. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
655 MJ- Epidemiology; Geography; Human Sex Differences; Pathological Gambling
656 CL- Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior (3230)
661 AG- Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200)
662 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
663 AG- Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320)
664 TM- Canadian Problem Gambling Index
665 GR- This study was supported by a special grant from the Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux of Québec to Dr Boyer and by a postdoctoral research fellowship awarded to Dr Huang by the Centre de recherche Fernand-Seguin affiliated with the Hôpital Louis-H Lafontaine and the Université de Montréal
667 MD- Quantitative Study
669 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
672 MA- Electronic; Print
676 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-16610-005&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
678 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
683 TI- Single-word semantic judgements in semantic dementia: Do phonology and grammatical class count?
688 AF- Reilly, Jamie, reillyjj@mail.med.upenn.edu, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US
689 AF- Cross, Katy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US
690 AF- Troiani, Vanessa, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US
691 AF- Grossman, Murray, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US
692 AD- Reilly, Jamie, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3 Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, US, 19104-4283, reillyjj@mail.med.upenn.edu
700 PU- United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis
701 SN- 0268-7038, Print; 1464-5041, Electronic;
703 KP- semantic judgements
704 KP- semantic dementia
706 KP- syntactic processing
711 KP- lexical judgements
712 AB- Background: Listeners make active use of phonological regularities such as word length to facilitate higher-level syntactic and semantic processing. For example, nouns are longer than verbs, and abstract words are longer than concrete words. Patients with semantic dementia (SD) experience conceptual loss with preserved syntax and phonology. The extent to which patients with SD exploit phonological regularities to support language processing remains unclear. Aims: We examined the ability of patients with SD (1) to perceive subtle acoustic-phonetic distinctions in English, and (2) to bootstrap their accuracy of lexical-semantic and syntactic judgements from regularities in the phonological forms of English nouns and verbs. Methods and Procedures: Four patients with SD made minimal pair judgements (same/ different) for auditorily presented stimuli selectively varied by voice, place, or manner of the initial consonant (e.g., pa -ba). In Experiment 2 patients made forced-choice semantic judgements (abstract or concrete) for single words varied by (1) concreteness (abstract or concrete); (2) grammatical class (noun or verb); and (3) word length (one- or three-syllable words). Outcomes and Results: The most semantically impaired patients paradoxically showed the highest accuracy of minimal pair phonologic discrimination. Judgements of word concreteness were less accurate for verbs than nouns. Among verbs, accuracy was worse for concrete than abstract items (e.g., eat was worse than think). Patients were more likely to misclassify longer concrete words (e.g., professor) as abstract, demonstrating sensitivity to an underlying phonologically mediated semantic property in English. Conclusions: Single-word semantic judgements were sensitive to both grammatical class and phonological properties of the words being evaluated. Theoretical and clinical implications are addressed in the context of an anatomically constrained model of SD that assumes increasing reliance on phonology as lexical-semantic knowledge degrades. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
713 MJ- Acoustics; Dementia; Lexical Decision; Semantics; Syntax
714 MN- Judgment; Nouns; Phonetics; Verbs
715 CL- Neurological Disorders & Brain Damage (3297)
718 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
719 AG- Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360)
720 AG- Aged (65 yrs & older) (380)
721 TM- Pyramids and Palm Trees Test
722 TM- Mini Mental State Examination
723 TM- Boston Naming Test
725 MD- Quantitative Study
727 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
730 MA- Electronic; Print
734 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-13670-004&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
736 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
741 TI- Obligatory exercise and eating pathology in college females: Replication and development of a structural model.
742 AU- Thome, Jennifer L.
743 AU- Espelage, Dorothy L.
744 AF- Thome, Jennifer L., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, US
745 AF- Espelage, Dorothy L., espelage@uiuc.edu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, US
746 AD- Espelage, Dorothy L., espelage@uiuc.edu
754 PU- Netherlands: Elsevier Science
755 SN- 1471-0153, Print;
756 DO- 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.11.009
758 KP- obligatory exercise
759 KP- restrictive eating
760 KP- personality structural model
762 AB- Although disordered eating behaviors and obligatory exercise are relatively common among undergraduate females, many questions about their etiology remain unanswered. In the current study, structural equation modeling was used to investigate whether a model of personality, exercise attitudes, and exercise behavior that was previously developed with a clinical sample [Davis, C., Katzman, D.K., & Kirsh, C. (1999). Compulsive physical activity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A psychobehavioral spiral of pathology. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187, 336-342, see record 1999-05765-002] would also fit for a sample of non-clinical college females (n = 599). Further, a second model extended the first model to predict exercise behavior and eating/weight restriction. Results indicated that the original structural model fit the non-clinical sample extremely well. Specifically, addictiveness and obsessive-compulsiveness were associated with obligatory attitudes toward exercise, which was then associated with exercise behavior. In the second model, obligatory attitudes toward exercise were equally associated with eating/weight restriction as it was with exercise behavior. In a third model, bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that while obligatory exercise was directly associated with eating and weight restriction, this association was partially mediated by weight-related reasons for exercise. These data suggest that the aforementioned variables are predictive of obligatory exercise and eating pathology in non-clinical samples, and that reasons for exercise is important in understanding the complex relations among disordered eating and exercise attitudes and behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
763 MJ- Anorexia Nervosa; Cognitions; Exercise; Personality Traits
764 MN- College Students; Human Females; Personality Correlates; Structural Equation Modeling
765 CL- Eating Disorders (3260)
769 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
770 TM- Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Addiction Scale
771 TM- Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory
772 TM- Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory
773 TM- Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire
774 TM- Commitment to Exercise Scale
775 TM- Godin Leisure-Time Questionnaire
776 TM- Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study Physical Activity Questionnaire
777 TM- Reasons for Exercise Inventory
778 TM- Exercise Dependence Questionnaire
779 TM- Eating Disorder Inventory-2
780 TM- NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
781 TM- Eating Attitudes Test
783 MD- Experimental Replication
784 MD- Quantitative Study
786 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
789 MA- Electronic; Print
793 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-10399-008&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
795 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
800 TI- Factors associated with antipsychotic dosing in psychiatric inpatients: A prospective study.
802 AU- Biancosino, Bruno
803 AU- Esposito, Eleonora
807 AF- Barbui, Corrado, corrado.barbui@univr.it, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
808 AF- Biancosino, Bruno, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences of Communication and Behaviour, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
809 AF- Esposito, Eleonora, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
810 AF- Marmai, Luciana, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences of Communication and Behaviour, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
811 AF- Donà, Silvia, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences of Communication and Behaviour, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
812 AF- Grassi, Luigi, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences of Communication and Behaviour, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
813 AD- Barbui, Corrado, Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Ospedale Policlinico, 37134, Verona, Italy, corrado.barbui@univr.it
814 SO- International Clinical Psychopharmacology
821 PU- US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
822 SN- 0268-1315, Print; 1473-5857, Electronic;
823 DO- 10.1097/YIC.0b013e3281084ea8
825 KP- antipsychotic dosing
826 KP- psychiatric inpatients
828 AB- The persistent use of doses in excess of recommended levels is associated with increased risks of adverse reactions without evidence of additional benefits. Such treatment modality was evaluated in hospitalized psychiatric patients. During a 6-year recruitment period, a consecutive series of psychiatric inpatients receiving antipsychotic therapy were included. At admission, sociodemographic and clinical data, including antipsychotic drug use, were collected, and the 18-item version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was administered. At discharge, data on antipsychotic drug therapy were collected. Prescribed daily doses were converted into multiples of the defined daily doses. Using a cut-off score of a prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose as a ratio of more than 1.5 both at admission and at discharge assessments, a total of 62 (15.4%) patients persistently received high antipsychotic dose. With less stringent criteria (prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose as a ratio of more than 2), however, only 4.4% of the entire sample was persistently exposed to high antipsychotic doses. Bootstrapped linear regression analysis revealed that positive symptoms were positively associated with high antipsychotic dose, whereas negative symptoms were negatively associated with high antipsychotic dose. Antipsychotic polypharmacy at admission was the strongest predictor of persistently receiving antipsychotic doses in excess of recommended levels. This study showed that the use of high antipsychotic dosing is not an occasional event. Clinicians should consider that concurrent prescribing of two or more antipsychotic agents increases the probability of administering excessive dosing in the long-term. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
829 MJ- Drug Dosages; Neuroleptic Drugs; Psychiatric Patients
830 CL- Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340)
836 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
837 TM- Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
839 MD- Longitudinal Study
840 MD- Prospective Study
841 MD- Quantitative Study
843 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
846 MA- Electronic; Print
850 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-08010-006&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
852 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
857 TI- Machine learning approach to color constancy.
859 AU- Gribok, Andrei V.
861 AF- Agarwal, Vivek, agarwal1@purdue.edu, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, US
862 AF- Gribok, Andrei V., agribok@bioanalysis.org, BHSAI/MRMC, Attn: MCMR-ZB-T, Fort Detrick, MD, US
863 AF- Abidi, Mongi A., Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, US
864 AD- Agarwal, Vivek, School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, 400 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN, US, 47907, agarwal1@purdue.edu
872 PU- Netherlands: Elsevier Science
873 SN- 0893-6080, Print;
874 DO- 10.1016/j.neunet.2007.02.004
876 KP- machine learning approach
877 KP- color constancy algorithms
880 KP- support vector regression
881 KP- video tracking application
882 AB- A number of machine learning (ML) techniques have recently been proposed to solve color constancy problem in computer vision. Neural networks (NNs) and support vector regression (SVR) in particular, have been shown to outperform many traditional color constancy algorithms. However, neither neural networks nor SVR were compared to simpler regression tools in those studies. In this article, we present results obtained with a linear technique known as ridge regression (RR) and show that it performs better than NNs, SVR, and gray world (GW) algorithm on the same dataset. We also perform uncertainty analysis for NNs, SVR, and RR using bootstrapping and show that ridge regression and SVR are more consistent than neural networks. The shorter training time and single parameter optimization of the proposed approach provides a potential scope for real time video tracking application. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
883 MJ- Algorithms; Color Constancy; Machine Learning; Neural Networks; Tracking
884 MN- Computer Applications; Vision
885 CL- Intelligent Systems (4100)
887 GR- This work is supported by the University Research Program in Robotics under grant DE-FG52-2004NA25589 by DOE
889 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
892 MA- Electronic; Print
896 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-11911-001&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
898 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
903 TI- The symbol detachment problem.
904 AU- Pezzulo, Giovanni
905 AU- Castelfranchi, Cristiano
906 AF- Pezzulo, Giovanni, giovanni.pezzulo@istc.cnr.it, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, CNR, Rome, Italy
907 AF- Castelfranchi, Cristiano, cristiano.castelfranchi@istc.cnr.it, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, CNR, Rome, Italy
908 AD- Pezzulo, Giovanni, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, CNR, Via S. Martino della Battaglia, 44, 00185, Rome, Italy, giovanni.pezzulo@istc.cnr.it
909 SO- Cognitive Processing
916 PU- Germany: Springer
917 SN- 1612-4782, Print; 1612-4790, Electronic;
918 DO- 10.1007/s10339-007-0164-0
920 KP- symbol detachment problem
925 AB- In situated and embodied approaches it is commonly assumed that the dynamics of sensorimotor engagement between an adaptive agent and its environment are crucial in understanding natural cognition. This perspective permits to address the symbol grounding problem, since the aboutness of any mental state arising during agent-environment engagement is guaranteed by their continuous coupling. However, cognitive agents are also able to formulate representations that are detached from the current state of affairs, such as expectations and goals. Moreover, they can act on their representations before--or instead of--acting directly on the environment, for example building the plan of a bridge and not directly the bridge. On the basis of representations, actions such as planning, remembering or imagining are possible that are disengaged from the current sensorimotor cycle, and often functional to future-oriented conducts. A new problem thus has to be acknowledged, the symbol detachment problem: how and why do situated agents develop representations that are detached from their current sensorimotor interaction, but nevertheless preserve grounding and aboutness? How do cognitive agents progressively acquire a range of capabilities permitting them to deal not only with the current situation but also with alternative, in particular future states of affairs? How do they develop the capability of acting on their representations instead of acting directly on the world? In a theoretical and developmental perspective, we propose that anticipation plays a crucial role in the detachment process: anticipatory representations, originally detached from the sensorimotor cycle for the sake of action control, are successively exapted for bootstrapping increasingly complex cognitive capabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
926 MJ- Cognition; Cognitive Ability; Expectations; Goals
927 CL- Cognitive Processes (2340)
929 GR- This work is supported by the EU-funded project MindRACES: from Reactive to Anticipatory Cognitive Embodied Systems (FP6-511931)
931 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
934 MA- Electronic; Print
938 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-08876-006&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
940 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
945 TI- The relationship between text comprehension and second language incidental vocabulary acquisition: A matter of topic familiarity?
947 AF- Pulido, Diana, pulidod@msu.edu, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, US
948 AD- Pulido, Diana, Department of Linguistics and Languages, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, US, 48824-1027, pulidod@msu.edu
949 SO- Language Learning
956 PU- United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing
957 SN- 0023-8333, Print; 1467-9922, Electronic;
958 DO- 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2007.00415.x
960 KP- lexical input processing outcomes
961 KP- text comprehension
962 KP- second language incidental vocabulary acquisition
963 KP- topic familiarity
964 AB- The study reported in this article describes second language (L2) vocabulary learning outcomes associated with adult L2 reading comprehension processes, thus connecting L2 learning with the complex cognitive and linguistic processing involved in reading. The study aimed to determine whether background knowledge moderated the relationship between passage comprehension and lexical input processing outcomes, such as intake and receptive gain and retention of target-word meanings. The primary theoretical contribution concerns the nature of the relationships that obtained between passage comprehension and lexical input processing. Overall, the results suggest that as learners become more efficient in engaging in the various processing activities required during L2 reading, they experience greater memory for linguistic elements encountered during reading, such as orthographic forms and semantic aspects of new lexical items. The results support connectionist models of L2 reading and conclusions concerning efficiency in lower level text processing (e.g., see Koda, 2005; Nassaji, 2002). Reading is a complex cognitive activity, involving simultaneous linguistic processing such as pattern recognition, letter identification, lexical access, concept activation, syntactic analysis, propositional encoding, sentence comprehension, and intersentence integration, as well as the activation of prior knowledge, information storage, and comprehension monitoring. The prior knowledge that is accessed is largely determined by the quality of the textbase that is constructed during reading, which is affected by the individual's efficiency in carrying out the various text-processing operations listed above. The finding that background knowledge did not moderate the relationship between comprehension and receptive retention of meaning provides further support for the robust role of text-processing efficiency in bootstrapping processes, such as those involved in mapping new linguistic forms to familiar concepts already stored in memory. The secondary finding with regard to intake of the target words corroborates the main finding, demonstrating that efficient text processing skills are also essential to other aspects of lexical input processing, such as establishing and retrieving the connections between new linguistic forms and the specific contexts in which they were encountered. The study also expands upon previous reading and research in the area of methodological innovations applied to incidental learning research paradigms, for instance, by measuring intake and episodic memory and the relationships between text processing and language learning outcomes. In addition, through the concurrent investigation of the impact of several factors on lexical input processing, the study sets the stage for more complex modeling of the processes that contribute to L2 development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
965 MJ- Foreign Languages; Reading Comprehension; Vocabulary
966 MN- Incidental Learning; Linguistics; Sentence Comprehension; Word Meaning
967 CL- Linguistics & Language & Speech (2720)
969 AG- Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300)
970 CF- Form-Meaning Connections in Second Language Acquisition (FMSLA), Feb, 2002, Chicago, IL, US
971 CN- Some of the results of the present study were presented in a paper at the aforementioned conference.
973 MD- Quantitative Study
975 PT- Peer Reviewed Journal
978 MA- Electronic; Print
982 UR- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2007-09429-005&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
985 <javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$MainContentArea$deliveryPrintSaveControl$backButtonBottom$lnkBack','')>
projects / webpac2 / blob